Posttest-only control groups are not commonly used because
a) They only require one experimental group.
b) They do not control for threats to internal validity.
c) Test sensitization problems
d) They cannot expose a before and after picture.
Question 2Posttest-only control groups are used to
a) Reduce reactivity to a pretest
b) Determine the effect of a treatment on a control group
c) Establish the strength of the posttest measure
d) Evaluate randomized controlled trials
Question 3What are the two central features of a pretestposttest control group design?
a) One group and the dependent variable is posttest scores.
b) Two groups and the dependent variable is the pretest scores.
c) One group and the effect of the intervention is determined by the change between pretestposttest.
d) Two groups and pretestposttest scores are compared to assess the change.
Question 4How can posttreatment differences occur between groups even when the treatment has no effect?
a) There are initial group differences.
b) Subjects adopt an apprehensive subject role.
c) Participants display reactivity.
d) There were lapses in treatment integrity.
Question 5How do randomized controlled trials (RCTs) differ from other pretest-posttest designs?
a) The focus is on intervention.
b) The researchers use random selection.
c) The experiment is in a lab.
d) The participants are representative.
Question 6What is a typical strategy used to ensure equivalence of experimental groups?
a) Matching subjects at posttreatment
b) Randomly assigning cases to conditions
c) Post-testing nuisance variables
d) Using a random number chart
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