Refer to Exhibit 10-2. Two classes were randomly selected and randomly assigned to be the experimental and control groups.
a. The effect of the independent variable is measured through observation of the dependent variable.
b. Extraneous variables are held constant.
c. An independent variable is manipulated.
Ques. 2Any type of attention may lead the subjects in the experimental group to respond in an other-than-normal manner. This phenomenon is called
a. closure.
b. Hawthorne effect.
c. Premack principle.
d. John Henry effect
e. perception effect.
Ques. 3An experimental design must provide __________, so that the effects of the independent variable can be evaluated unambiguously.
a. control
c. variability
b. hypotheses
d. external validity
Ques. 4The most important criterion of an experimental design is that the design be
a. complex.
b. simple.
c. an extension of theory.
d. appropriate for testing the hypothesis.
e. based on experience.
Ques. 5A researcher wants to determine the cause of intoxication. On successive days, he consumed large quantities of scotch and water, bourbon and water, and vodka and water. Becoming very intoxicated in each case, he concluded, It's the water that makes one drunk. The researcher should have consumed pure water on one of his test days. The water alone test would be called a
a. double blind.
c. prediction.
b. hypothesis.
d. control.
Ques. 6The set of varied conditions that the experimenter imposes on the subjects is referred to as the
a. independent variable.
b. treatment variable.
c. experimental variable.
d. extraneous variable.
e. a, b, and c
Ques. 7In order to apply the law of the single significant independent variable to a study, a researcher should
a. choose a single test for the dependent variable.
b. determine which single test is most related to the independent variable by using several tests as possible dependent variable.
c. determine which single variable makes the most difference by varying the independent variable in many different ways.
d. establish two groups that are as alike as possible, except one is exposed to the independent variable while the other is not.
Ques. 8The fact that people may learn from test taking is an experimental validity threat known as ____; the fact that the measurement scale may change over the course of the experiment is called ____.
a. instrumentation; testing effect
c. testing effect; instrumentation
b. maturation; testing effect
d. instrumentation; selection
Ques. 9Refer to Exhibit 10-1. Suppose the group with vocabulary instruction ends up with statistically higher reading scores than those without vocabulary training. Assuming that there are no problems of internal validity, the teacher should
a. reject the null hypothesis.
c. reject the experimental hypothesis.
b. retain the null hypothesis.
d. declare the hypothesis as proven.
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