After a severe head injury, Mary has exceptional difficulty setting goals and in other ways planning her actions. Without knowing anything else about Mary's injury, you might reasonably conclude that it affected her:
a. forebrain
b. midbrain
c. hindbrain
d. reticular formation
Ques. 2Given how the left and right hemispheres of the brain typically specialize, which one of the following activities would be most heavily dependent on the right hemisphere?
a. Writing a speech for a political campaign
b. Following the logic of a persuasive argument
c. Solving for x in a complex algebraic equation
d. Recognizing human forms in a Picasso painting
Ques. 3Three of the following describe methods what researchers commonly use to determine how the human brain probably functions. Which one is not a commonly used method to study the brain?
a. Documenting the behaviors of people with various kinds of brain injuries
b. Recording brain activity through PET scans, CAT scans, and similar technologies
c. Measuring the levels of various hormones and other substances in the blood
d. Removing a certain part of an animal's brain and observing the animal's subsequent behaviors
Ques. 4Which one of the following statements most accurately describes a neuron's threshold of excitation?
a. A neuron responds when it is stimulated by some of its neighboring neurons, but not when it is stimulated by other neighbors.
b. A neuron fires only when its electrical charge reaches a particular level.
c. A neuron is receptive to stimulation from other neurons only at points where there are gaps in its myelin sheath.
d. A neuron will fire at a maximum rate of no more than once every three seconds.
Ques. 5Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?
a. By stimulating the growth of surrounding glial cells
b. By attaching themselves to the same terminal buttons
c. By fusing the axon of one with a dendrite of the other
d. By sending chemical substances across a tiny gap between them
Ques. 6Which one of the following is the best example of the central nervous system (rather than peripheral nervous system) at work?
a. Parts of the hindbrain are involved in regulating heart rate.
b. Cells in the retina at the back of the eye transmit information about light.
c. Some cells in the nose respond to certain kinds of chemicals.
d. Some cells in the skin are sensitive to heat or cold.
Ques. 7The textbook's perspective regarding various theories of learning is that:
a. Behaviorist theories are probably more accurate.
b. Cognitivist theories are probably more accurate.
c. There is currently no right theory, but one will eventually be developed.
d. Different theories may be applicable in different situations.
Ques. 8Which one of the following statements is most accurate statement regarding theories of learning?
a. They have been proven to be true.
b. They will eventually be replaced by physiological explanations of how learning occurs.
c. They are often modified as new data emerge.
d. Any theory can be used to explain virtually every instance of learning.
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