Teachers who are successful at working with children and adolescents from diverse ethnic backgrounds ...

Answer to #1

C

Answer to #2

Responses to the two parts of the question are as follows:
a. Documented challenges include the following (the response should identify at least three of them):
 Poor nutrition and health care (with implications for brain development, general physical development, energy level, and school attendance)
 Inadequate housing (e.g., overcrowding, lack of a quiet place to study, or perhaps residence in a homeless shelter)
 Toxic environment (air pollution, lead dust, etc.)
 Gaps in background knowledge (e.g., due to frequent transitions from one school to another, or due to limited exposure to books, museums, and the like)
 Emotional stress (e.g., due to lack of financial resources or frequent neighborhood violence)
 Greater probability of disabling conditions (could be physical, cognitive, or emotional)
 Lower quality schools (e.g., lack of equipment, high teacher turnover rates)
 Negative public perceptions (e.g., low expectations for achievement, tendency of others to blame poor people for their dire circumstances)
b. Possible strategies include these (the response should include at least three of them or reasonable research-based alternatives)
 Identify and build on children's strengths.
 Foster a sense of community and belonging in the classroom.
 Communicate clear expectations for behavior.
 Show how academic subject matter is relevant to real-world concerns.
 Expand children's knowledge base with field trips (e.g., to museums, zoos, or farms).
 Communicate high expectations for academic performance.
 Address the particular needs of homeless children (e.g., provide school supplies, find volunteers who can tutor children after school).
 Connect children with good role models.

Answer to #3

C

Answer to #4

B

Answer to #5

The basic premise of the melting pot view is that a country of diverse cultural backgrounds works best when distinct cultural traditions gradually blend together into a homogeneous culture. For recent immigrants, this generally means adopting mainstream behaviors and values. In contrast, the mosaic view is that culturally different individuals all have something unique and valuable to offer and that some diversity is beneficial to the greater good.
Research indicates that when children who have recently immigrated quickly give up their cultural traditions, they are at greater risk for using alcohol and drugs, engaging in unprotected sex, and getting involved in criminal activity. Furthermore, they often conflict with their parents (who are apt to retain many of their culture's values) and be especially susceptible to temptation. In contrast, youngsters who have one foot in the culture in which they've been raised and one foot in mainstream Western culture have two cultural traditions on which they can draw. And a strong ethnic identity provides a buffer against the discriminatory actions of others.

Answer to #6

Possible strategies include these (the response should describe at least four of them):
 Hold parent-teacher conferences.
 Send notes or newsletters home.
 Call parents on the telephone.
 Communicate by e-mail if working in a relatively affluent community.
 Conduct parent discussion groups.
 Make an effort to get parents' trust and confidence.
 Demonstrate that parents' input is valued and helpful.
 Encourage parents to be assertive when they have questions or concerns.
 Find someone who can interpret for non-English-speaking parents.
 Hold special functions at school (e.g., author teas, fundraisers).
 Conduct conferences and other discussions at times and locations convenient for families.
 Get parents involved in school activities (e.g., fundraisers).
 Invite parents to share their special talents with your class.
 Make home visits if such visits are welcome.
 Keep other important family members (e.g., grandparents) in the loop, especially if these individuals appear to play a major role in students' care and upbringing.
 Give parents suggestions about learning activities they can easily do with their children at home.

Answer to #7

C

Answer to #8

The behaviors ascribed to specific teachers should be consistent with the descriptions of parenting styles presented in the textbook. Students are likely to report that they were more motivated to do their best work in the classroom of authoritative teachers, while they resented authoritarian teachers and did just enough to get by. Students often remark that they liked their permissive teachers, but did not respect them. Uninvolved teachers are rarely motivating.

Answer to #9

D

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