Based on the textbook's discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:
a. Turning one's sensory receptors in the direction of desired information
b. Making stronger responses to bright or loud stimuli
c. Focusing one's cognitive processes on certain stimuli in the environment
d. Filtering out unwanted information, in much the same way that an oil filter removes unwanted particles
Ques. 2A classroom of talkative students immediately quiets down and pays attention when the teacher yells, Listen to me quite loudly. The students' sudden attentiveness to the teacher demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.
a. stimulus intensity
b. personal relevance
c. proximity
d. working memory
Ques. 3Mr. and Mrs. Mercado don't allow their daughter Maggie to chew gum at home and have punished her severely on the few occasions they have found her with gum in her mouth. Now Maggie rarely chews gum at home but chews it almost constantly at school, where she is not punished for doing so. Maggie's different behaviors at home and at school illustrate an effect of punishment known as:
a. emotional arousal
b. reversal
c. behavioral contrast
d. restitution
Ques. 4Teachers and other practitioners must be very careful in their use of punishment as a means of changing behavior. Three of the following are potential disadvantages in using punishment. Which statement about punishment is false?
a. Punished behaviors typically decrease slowly, if at all.
b. Punishment can in some instances lead to increased aggression.
c. Harsh psychological punishment can adversely affect emotional well-being.
d. Punishment in the classroom can make students fearful of school and/or their teacher.
Ques. 5Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the dual-store model of memory?
a. All information that reaches the sensory register also reaches short-term memory, but only a small percentage of this information is stored in long-term memory.
b. Information that must be remembered for a long time goes directly from the sensory register to long-term memory; less important information is stored in short-term memory.
c. All information that enters long-term memory must first pass through the sensory register and short-term memory.
d. The three components of memory are used to store different kinds of information: visual images are stored in the sensory register, most numerical information is stored in short-term memory, and verbal information is stored in long-term memory.
Ques. 6Which one of the following is the best example of encoding in the process of learning state capitals?
a. Abe learns Austin, Texas by making sure he is relaxed before he studies it.
b. Bernice focuses her eyes on the page that says St. Paul, Minnesota and keeps them focused there for at least 10 seconds.
c. Corey learns Atlanta, Georgia by thinking, The Atlantic Ocean is gorgeous.
d. Darcy learns Sacramento, California by having a tape recorder play Sacramento, California over and over while she sleeps.
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