are people that have broken the rules and are caught, punished, and labeled as outsiders.
a. Conformists
b. Secret deviants
c. The falsely accused
d. Pure deviants
Question 2Secondary groups:
a. are impersonal.
b. are formally organized.
c. usually have specific goals.
d. are characterized by less intimacy than primary groups.
e. all of the above are characteristics of secondary groups
Question 3Which one of the following is an assumption underlying labeling theory?
a. Definitions of deviance are consistent across cultural settings.
b. Rules are enforced uniformly and consistently.
c. Deviants are those whose behavior someone has noticed, labeled as such, and to which sanctions have been applied.
d. Deviant behavior is learned in the same way conforming behavior is learned.
Question 4Which of the following is an example of a primary group?
a. members of a local historical society
b. all the passengers on a given train
c. college students
d. members of a family
e. members of a national honor society.
Question 5Kai Erikson wrote, The critical variable in the study of deviance, then, is the social audience rather than the individual actor since the social audience decides whether or not a behavior is deviant.. This statement best corresponds with which theory of deviance?
a. labeling theory
b. differential association
c. structural strain theory
d. constructionist
Question 6The most important quality of primary groups that is missing in secondary groups is:
a. group goals.
b. small size.
c. interaction.
d. shared expectations.
e. intimacy.
Question 7Durkheim's theory of deviance (crime) corresponds to a perspective.
a. functionalist
b. conflict
c. symbolic interactionist
d. social action
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