In the process by which cDNA is formed, reverse transcriptase is used to produce _____ from ...

In the process by which cDNA is formed, reverse transcriptase is used to produce _____ from
  _______.
  a. double-stranded cDNA; single-stranded mRNA
  b. double-stranded mRNA; single-stranded cDNA
  c. single-stranded cDNA; single-stranded mRNA
  d. single-stranded mRNA; single-stranded cDNA
  e. double-stranded cDNA; double-stranded mRNA

Question 2

Why is it unlikely that genetically engineered strains of bacteria would pose a threat to the
  environment?
  a. Genetically engineered bacteria cannot survive exposure to UV radiation.
  b. Genetically engineered strains of bacteria are strictly regulated, making accidental release
  unlikely.
  c. Genetically engineered strains of bacteria cannot survive exposure to oxygen.
  d. Genetically engineered strains of bacteria are poor competitors of wild strains.
  e. Genetically engineered strains of bacteria require supplemental nutrients to survive.