In many bird and mammal species, males compete for females, but females do NOT compete for males ...

In many bird and mammal species, males compete
  for females, but females do NOT compete for males
  because
  a. males are larger than females.
  b. females are larger than males.
  c. females produce fewer gametes than males do.
  d. females compete for territory.
  e. males produce pheromones but females do not.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false?
  a. Males often help with parenting in cases where
  females compete over males.
  b. There is often a ready-made harem in cases
  where males compete for access to females.
  c. Sexual selection through competition for mates
  leads to evolutionary change.
  d. Reproductive success is based upon the same
  criteria for both sexes.
  e. Males that do not have territorial or sexual status
  sometimes employ strategies that allow them to
  mate.