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Mateyman Mateyman
wrote...
Posts: 142
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4 years ago
Regarding allele frequencies, genotype frequencies and hardy-weinberg.

Here is the question: https://imgur.com/MVIUPol

Here is the data about the population: https://imgur.com/Ha8onyd

Here is the answer for California part: https://imgur.com/ZpWRpqB

Here is the answer for Nevada part: https://imgur.com/XDH4DMm

First the question asks about allele frequency for California. This one is easy calculation, for G for example we would have 2(12)+ 1(6)/2(30) =.50 for G and 1.0-.50 =.5 for g

Now my confusing is about the genotype frequency, can't I just divide each genotype by total of individuals and that would be my observed? The answer above shows smth else... It shows them using the hardy-weinberg equation for the observed, I thought we use that equation for the expected?

Anyways in the answer for california, they get genotype frequency of 0.25 for GG, 0.50 gg (eventhough going based off their logic it should be 0.25 not .50) and then 0.25 for Gg (which should be 0.50 right?).

I am kind of confused cos it seems that their is two different ways to calculate the genotype frequency their is the observed frequency and the expected.

I thought for the observed its # of genotype / total individuals aka for Gg we have 12 of them so 12/30 = 0.4 observed frequency Gg

Now for expected genotype frequency I can refer back to the allele frequency of G to figure out expected frequency of Gg which would be 2pq so I get

2(.50)(.50) = 0.5 expected genotype frequency for Gg

Did I calculate the observed and expected genotype frequency correct?

Also if my chi-squared (X^2) is 2.9 and it says for test with 2 alleles and three possible genotypes, there is 1 degree of freedome. If X^2>3.84, the null hyptoehsis of Hardy-Weinberg genotype proprotions can be rejected"

The wording is kinda confusing and my stats are kinda messed up, but does this mean that says 2.9 is lower then 3.84 therefore the null is retained so that means that yes the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibirum or that means its not?

What does rejecting null vs not rejecting null mean for hardy-weinberg? Is the null means population is not changing and its in equilibirum and if we reject it it means we are agreeing with the null?
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wrote...
Educator
4 years ago
Quote
Now my confusing is about the genotype frequency, can't I just divide each genotype by total of individuals and that would be my observed? The answer above shows smth else... It shows them using the hardy-weinberg equation for the observed, I thought we use that equation for the expected?

I agree. This is completely different than the way we've historically approached these problems. See the sample below:



Quote
I thought for the observed its # of genotype / total individuals aka for Gg we have 12 of them so 12/30 = 0.4 observed frequency Gg

As did I. You sure about the solution? Where'd you find it from?
Mateyman Author
wrote...
4 years ago
1 follow up question, if I have 3 genotypes GG, Gg, gg and 2 alleles G and g then isn't my degree of freedom 1?

I am referencing this slide from my class: https://imgur.com/rCKfOZL

Is the x^2>3.84 then we reject the null always the case for all hardy weinberg problems, except p-value? P-value is the only thing that might change depending on what the questions is asking for, but the x^2>3.84 is always true right?

In that case, the null is always going to be no evolution is happening and if we reject the null that means evolution is happening and 1 of the 5 forces is acting on the population. What you think?
wrote...
Educator
4 years ago
1 follow up question, if I have 3 genotypes GG, Gg, gg and 2 alleles G and g then isn't my degree of freedom 1? I am referencing this slide from my class: https://imgur.com/rCKfOZL

Yes

Quote
Is the x^2>3.84 then we reject the null always the case for all hardy weinberg problems, except p-value? P-value is the only thing that might change depending on what the questions is asking for, but the x^2>3.84 is always true right?

All cases, including p-values

Quote
In that case, the null is always going to be no evolution is happening and if we reject the null that means evolution is happening and 1 of the 5 forces is acting on the population. What you think?

If it's determined to be in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, then those 1 of 5 forces are acting on the population.
Mateyman Author
wrote...
4 years ago
Hey bio_man!

Can you please double check the following answers!

For California: https://imgur.com/qfql6kj

For Nevada: https://imgur.com/9w9hM0r

Everything should be okay until the df should be 1 not 2, what about the allele frequency, genotype frequency, observed expected is it all good?
wrote...
Educator
4 years ago
Hi HabibiFreshUFC

I see you followed the method found in the link of your initial post. I'm curious why you chose a degree of freedom of 2 rather than 1. In the initial post, it mentioned you subtract 3-2 to get df of 1. Why didn't you follow that route? The math otherwise checks out.

Here's our tutorial on Chi square if it provides any further insight:

Mateyman Author
wrote...
4 years ago
Yeah sorry I correct this, I'm all good now thanks, I did have 1 follow up question on the same topic but different question type:


Is it possible to calculate observed genotype frequency from the allele frequency?

Here is this problem: https://imgur.com/a/I226DBH
I know how we calculuated the allele frequency + the expected genotype frequency and eventually we can deteremine the expected heteros, dominant homo and reccessive homo. But if I was being asked to calculuate the genotype frequency of the observed, is it possible?

So far we have been given a population say 30, and the question would say 5 of 30 is hetero, 15 of 30 is homo dominant, and 10 of 30 is homo reccesive. Its easy to calculuate the observed genotype frequency here and eventually the allele frequency and then expected genotype freq and so on and so forth

But If I am given only 1 piece such as, 30k people of 300 million have cystic fibrosis. I can calculuate the expected counts of people that will be hetero, homo dominant and homo reccessive but not sure its possible to calculuate the initial observed genotype frequency. Thanks!
wrote...
Educator
4 years ago
Yes, if it follows the Hardy-Weinberg.

Let's say cystic fibrosis is recessive allele is 20%

q = 0.20

Sub. that into q^2 to get rr genotype

p = 1 - .2
p = .8

Sub. that into p^2 to get RR

take q and p and sub. into 2pq to get heterozygous genetype
Mateyman Author
wrote...
4 years ago
But that's gona be the expected genotype no? Or is this observed?
wrote...
Educator
4 years ago
But that's gona be the expected genotype no?

Yes, that's the expected genotype, the percent.

The observed is never 100% the same as the theoretical values, but it's awfully close
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