George’s family was very concerned about his health. George was lethargic and just wanted to sleep all the time. He was losing clumps of hair and his skin and nails were becoming dry and brittle. His family noticed an ever-enlarging growth on his neck. George consulted his family doctor, who determined that George’s symptoms were related to a malfunctioning thyroid gland. The following questions are based on the doctor’s investigation of George’s symptoms. Question 1 Identify the hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Question 1 options: Thyroxine and iodine Calcitonin and thyroxine Iodine and c-cells Calicitonin and iodine Question 2 (already answered) Just by looking at George, measuring its heart rate, and discussing why George came to the office, identify the hormone that the doctor thought was most likely responsible for its condition. Question 3 Select all the symptoms that may have led the doctor to suspect that George was suffering from a thyroid hormone deficiency. Question 3 options: high blood pressure heart reate is through the roof Aggressive behaviour Weight Gain (Is George pudgy?) Lack of energy/tiredness/sluggishness Hair loss Low pulse rate that the doctor may have measured Use this additional information to answer the following questions: A sample of tissue was taken from George’s thyroid gland, and a stained section was prepared for viewing under the microscope. This was compared with a similarly prepared section taken from a healthy human. Drawings of parts of these sections are shown below. Question 4 (already answered) Choose the most correct answer for the following question. What is the function for the central cavity of the follicle? Question 5 (already answered) What is the tubular structure that is labled X? Question 6 (already answered) Why is there so many tubular structures in thyroid tissue? Question 7 Using the drawings, match the descriptions according to whether it is healthy thyroid tissue or the thyroid tissue of a sick human (George). Please see image Question 7 options: nuclei in the follicle cells are rounded Central cavity is fuller, rounder and bigger nuclei in the follicle cells are elongated follicle cells are smaller 1. Sick human (George) thyroid tissue 2. Healthy human thyroid tissue Question 8 (already answered) See image for context The doctor hypothesized that George may be suffering as a result of a lack of iodine in his diet. Why is this element required for healthy thyroid function? Use this additional information to answer the following questions: The doctor set up a diagnostic test for George in which he received a low dosage of radioactive iodine compounds. The results of the levels of radioactive iodine in his blood were then compared to the levels of radioactive iodine in the blood of a healthy human. The results are shown in the graph below. Question 9 Write the hypothesis that the doctor is basing their treatment on. (Use an If/then statement) Remember that this is from the doctor's perspective and George has yet to be treated. All the doctor has are the symptoms. Question 10 What was the purpose of giving a healthy human radioactive iodine compounds in this experiment? Question 10 options: To see how sick the human would get To act as a control or a baseline So it could be monitored Question 11 Do the results shown in the graph support the hypothesis? Question 11 options: yes no Question 12 Explain your answer as to why the results shown in the graph support the hypothesis. Question 13 (already answered) Suggest why the graph for the healthy human rose after approximately 2 days. Question 14 What would be a good treatment that would enable George to recover? Question 14 options: Increasing iodine in the diet Thyroid pills taken orally Keeping up with the radioactive iodine injections Increasing iodine in the diet and perhaps supplementing it with an iodine pill while monitoring the iodine levels. Thank you!!
Question 1:
The hormones produced by the thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Question 3:
The symptoms that may have led the doctor to suspect that George was suffering from a thyroid hormone deficiency include:
Lack of energy/tiredness/sluggishness
Hair loss
Weight gain (Is George pudgy?)
A low pulse rate that the doctor may have measured
Question 7:
Based on the descriptions given:
Nuclei in the follicle cells are rounded: Healthy human thyroid tissue (2)
The central cavity is fuller, rounder, and bigger: Sick human (George) thyroid tissue (1)
Nuclei in the follicle cells are elongated: Sick human (George) thyroid tissue (1)
Follicle cells are smaller: Healthy human thyroid tissue (2)
Question 9:
If George's symptoms are caused by a lack of iodine in his diet, then treating him with iodine supplementation may help alleviate his condition.
Question 10:
The purpose of giving a healthy human radioactive iodine compounds in this experiment was to act as a control or baseline. By comparing the levels of radioactive iodine in George's blood to a healthy human, the doctor can determine if George's iodine uptake and metabolism are abnormal.
Question 11:
Yes, the results shown in the graph support the hypothesis. The graph indicates that George's radioactive iodine levels were significantly lower compared to the healthy human, suggesting impaired iodine uptake and metabolism in George's thyroid gland.
Question 12:
The results shown in the graph support the hypothesis because they demonstrate a clear difference in radioactive iodine levels between George and a healthy human. This indicates that George's thyroid gland is not functioning properly in terms of iodine uptake and metabolism, which aligns with the hypothesis of iodine deficiency as the cause of his condition.
Question 14:
A good treatment that would enable George to recover would be increasing iodine in the diet and perhaps supplementing it with an iodine pill while monitoring the iodine levels. This would address the iodine deficiency and support healthy thyroid function.
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