1) SEE FIRST PHOTO ATTACHED:
Use the following diagram to answer the next question.
Place the number that represents the base, cell structure, or unit of inheritance in the blank beside each.
Adenine Answer
Guanine Answer
Chromosome Answer
Nucleus Answer
Gene Answer
2) During which part of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why is it important?
a. Cell Cycle Reason
Interphase Each chromosome must be replicated before the cells divide in order for each
new cell to get a complete set of genetic information.
b. Cell Cycle Reason
Metaphase New genetic information causes the chromosomes to line up in the middle of
the cell.
c. Cell Cycle Reason
Telophase The new chromosome must split from the original during this step.
d. Cell Cycle Reason
Telophase The semiconservative replication process creates a whole new DNA molecule
for one of the newly divided cells.
3) A single enzyme’s production is specified by a single
a. gene
b. nucleotide
c. chromosome
d. histone
4) Use the following information to answer the next question.
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Depending on the bacteriophage, their genome can be made of either single or double stranded DNA or RNA.
The composition of genetic material found in a bacteriophage is found to be 25% A, 33% T, 24% G, and 18% C. What can you conclude about the genetic material of this virus?
a. It is single-stranded DNA.
b. It is double-stranded DNA.
c. It is single-stranded RNA.
d. It is double-stranded RNA.
5) Use the following information to answer the next question.
Several different nucleic acids are involved in the process of getting a protein produced from a gene. DNA contains the “genetic code” for the protein. DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand is transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA then goes into the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein with the help of tRNA. At each stage of the process, there is base complementarity (A pairs with T/U and C pairs with G) between the nucleic acids involved to ensure the integrity of the DNA blueprint for the protein being produced. Therefore, some of the four strands of nucleic acids involved will match (except U replaces T in RNA) and some will have base complementarity.
Indicate whether there is matching (1) or base complementarity (2) between the following nucleic acids.
DNA sense strand and mRNA
Answer
DNA sense strand and tRNA
Answer
DNA antisense strand and mRNA
Answer
mRNA and tRNA
Answer
6) Below is a list of functions related to protein synthesis. Place the number for the function in the blank above its corresponding structure.
1. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes
2. Splits DNA into two strands and transcribes mRNA from the antisense strand
3. Carries amino acids to the ribosome
4. Area on DNA antisense strand that RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription
Answer Answer Answer Answer
Promoter region mRNA RNA polymerase tRNA
7) The first nucleotide in every mRNA molecule ever produced is ___i___ and the first amino acid of every amino acid chain ever produced is ___ii___.
a. cytosine; threonine
b. guanine; alanine
c. adenine; methionine
d. uracil; lysine
8) A small section of mRNA codons has the following sequence:
CCU GUA CAC GUC
Some Amino Acids
Stop
Valine
Serine
Glycine
Proline
Alanine
Leucine
Arginine
Histidine
The numbers of the amino acids listed above coded for by the mRNA codons are Answer , Answer , Answer , and Answer
.
Record your answer in order from left to right codons.