Biotechnology - chapter 20

Eukaryote gene structure and function differ from prokaryote gene structure and function in several important ways. Eukaryotes generally have many more genes and these genes are spread across multiple chromosomes. Prokaryotes have fewer genes and these genes are all located on one chromosome. Groups of genes producing proteins with related functions are often organized into operons in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes. Eukaryotes also have mRNA that must have its introns excised and the mRNA transported out of the nucleus to the ribosomes. The greater complexity of the eukaryote genome means that a greater variety and complexity of control mechanisms is necessary. There are also more steps in the transcription and translation process at which control of expression can occur in eukaryotes.