What is the difference between a polar and a non-polar covalent bond?

covalent bonds means that electrons are being shared between atoms.

but the electrons might want to spend more time with one atom than the other.

non-polar covalent bonds means that the electrons are shared equally. It's like if you were to share a burger with someone. you eat half, the other person eats half.

polar covalent bonds means that the electrons are NOT shared equally. It's like if you were to share a burger with someone and you eat 2/3 of the burger and the other person eats 1/3 of it.

nonpolar covalent bonds Cl-Cl
since the two atoms are identical, they will share electrons equally.

polar covalent bonds: H-O-H
oxygen is an "electron hog" and so the electrons will spend more time with the oxygen than with the hydrogens. unequal sharing.

A polar covalent bond has one atom that strongly attracts bonding electrons so that the electron distribution is not symmetrical. This can be predicted using electronegative values. CH3 - Cl is a polar covalent bond. the net dipole moment of the molecule is not zero. A non-polar covalent bond is one in which the electron distribution is symmetrical. it has a zero net dipole moment.