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pregrar pregrar
wrote...
13 years ago
I need help with these couple questions!!!

 3.) I.) signal molecule
     II.) G-protein activation
    III.) second messenger generated
     IV.) effector protein activated
       V.) kinase activated
      VI.) physiological response
The correct sequence of events is:
a) I, II, III, IV, V, VI
b) I, II, V, IV, III, VI
c) I, II, IV, III, V, VI
d) I, II, III, V, IV, VI


and this problem...
A patient is admitted to the hospital suffering from renal calculi (kidney stones) brought about by the precipitation of high concentrations of Ca^2+ and PO4^-3. Which of the following may be the cause?
a) serum PTH is too high and/ or serum calcitonin is too low
b) serum PTH is too low and /or serum calcitonin is too high
c) serum PTH and calcitonin levels are both too high
d) serum PTH and calcitonin levels are both too low

and the last problem is ....
Patients suffering from hypoparathyroidism would be expected to exhibit:
a) impaired vitamin D absorption by the small intestines
b) low blood Ca^2+ levels
c) low levels of thyroid hormone in the blood
d) high osteoblast activity
e) a and c
f) c and d



THANK YOU!!!

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wrote...
Educator
13 years ago
3.) I.) signal molecule
     II.) G-protein activation
    III.) second messenger generated
     IV.) effector protein activated
       V.) kinase activated
      VI.) physiological response

The correct sequence of events is:
a) I, II, III, IV, V, VI
b) I, II, V, IV, III, VI
c) I, II, IV, III, V, VI
d) I, II, III, V, IV, VI

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120069/bio08.swf::Signal%20Amplification

and this problem...
A patient is admitted to the hospital suffering from renal calculi (kidney stones) brought about by the precipitation of high concentrations of Ca^2+ and PO4^-3. Which of the following may be the cause?

a) serum PTH is too high and/ or serum calcitonin is too low
b) serum PTH is too low and /or serum calcitonin is too high
c) serum PTH and calcitonin levels are both too high
d) serum PTH and calcitonin levels are both too low

Calcitonin can only be produced by the body, and it is released from the thyroid gland after detecting that the blood level of calcium is too high. Calcitonin is an antagonist to parathyroid hormone which is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands and used to increase the level of calcium in the blood.

and the last problem is ....
Patients suffering from hypoparathyroidism would be expected to exhibit:

a) impaired vitamin D absorption by the small intestines
b) low blood Ca^2+ levels
c) low levels of thyroid hormone in the blood
d) high osteoblast activity
e) a and c
f) c and d

HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IS AN abnormality of Ca metabolism characterized by low serum levels of PTH despite hypocalcemia. Severe hypocalcemia, a potentially life-threatening condition, is treated as soon as possible with intravenous calcium
wrote...
13 years ago
Q1) Answer is D

Signal Molecule Rightwards Arrow G Protein Rightwards Arrow 2nd Messenger Rightwards Arrow Kinase Rightwards Arrow effector protein Rightwards Arrow physiological response.
When G Protein signaling pathway begins, it would have to complete before the signal can get transmitted to the effector protein. Subsequently, effector protein will then initiate a transcription or stimulate another pathway which will then determine a physiological response.
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