Q1. Which of the following terms best describes the place in a cladogram where a lineage splits?
Node
Branch
Root
Tip
Q2. (Hodges and his colleagues hypothesized that evolution of which of the following characteristics led to the rapid diversification of columbine (genus Aquilegia)?
Cold tolerance
Root tips
Nectar spurs
Barbed seeds
Q3. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to determine how closely related two groups are on a cladogram?
Counting the number of nodes between the groups of interest.
Counting the number of other groups between the groups of interest.
Looking at the first (earliest) common ancestor of the two groups.
Looking at the last (most recent) common ancestor of the two groups.
Q4. Approximately how many species of columbine have been described by science?
10
30
50
70
Q5. Humans carry a variety of non-functional genetic sequences, called processed pseudogenes, in their DNA. We can estimate how long ago they first appeared in the genomes of our ancestors. Human processed pseudogenes include the three options below. Which of these would be most widespread among other primate species?
alpha-enolase psi1 (11 million years old)
AS psi7 (16 million years old)
CALM II psi3 (36 million years old)
Q6. Which of the cladograms below show similar evolutionary relationships between species? Check all that apply.
Q7. The diagram below is a phylogenetic tree indicating the relationship among different primate species. On this tree, the labeled horizontal lines indicate the evolutionary history of some unnamed primate traits. USE THIS TREE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 7-10.
Rhesus monkeys and gorillas have stereoscopic vision, which allows them to better visually gauge distances while hunting and moving through tree canopies. Which other primate species on the phylogenetic tree likely possess stereoscopic vision as well? Check all that apply.
Gibbon
Orangutan
Common chimpanzee
Human
Q8. Rhesus monkeys are the last common ancestor of gibbons, gorillas, and humans.
True
False
Q9. Both orangutans and gorillas possess Trait E.
True
False
Q10. Gibbons are more closely related to humans than to rhesus monkeys.
True
False
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