In some cultures other than those in the U.S., students are not expected or required to have a ...

In some cultures other than those in the U.S., students are not expected or required to have a thesis statement upfront in their papers and presentations.
 
  The thesis is implied; it's up to the reader or listener to connect ideas, figure out the person's intentions, and discover the thesis. According to the section in your textbook about Listening to Cultures, what type of language would these other cultures be using?
  a. group-responsible language
  b. intrapersonal-responsible language
  c. speaker-responsible language
  d. listener-responsible language
  e. message-responsible language