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...simply the rules of probability applied to...
...memory, the genotype of each child is...
...by the genotypes of older siblings. While...
...1/4), the likelihood of having a fifth...
...parents are carriers of the recessive trait....
...a family history of a genetic disorder...
...children. However, issues of confidentiality, discrimination, and...
...to 16th week of pregnancy to assess...
...assess the presence of a specific disease....
...to tenth week of pregnancy. This technique...
...extracts a sample of fetal tissue from...
...the chrionic villi of the placenta. This...
...in about 1% of cases. These include...
...which the risk of a genetic disorder...
...or other type of birth defect is...
...the difficult choice of terminating the pregnancy...
...detect the presence of a recessively inherited...

...reproduction in terms of the genetic variation...
...the genetic variation of the offspring. (Module...
...structure and function of chromosomes. (Modules 5.2,...
...Outline the events of each phase of...
...of each phase of the cell cycle,...
...Outline the process of gamete production, differentiating...
...between the events of meiosis I and...
...to the creation of genetic variation during...
...and phenotypic outcomes of simple genetic crosses...
...Summarize the process of cloning and the...
...and the significance of stem cells. (Module...
...Cell division—the formation of cells from preexisting...
...including the formation of gametes, the development...
...gametes, the development of an adult from...
...growth and repair of body tissues, and...
...is the ability of cells to generate...
...is the formation of genetically unique offspring....
...fertilization, the joining of egg and sperm...
...a. Zygote: Half of the chromosomes come...
...through many rounds of cell division. 4....
...is the creation of new individuals by...
...parent without participation of sperm and egg....
...Chromosomes are associations of DNA and proteins....
...Each chromosome consists of one long piece...
...one long piece of DNA associated with...
...Genes are units of inheritance that code...
...have different numbers of chromosomes. a. The...
...a. The number of chromosomes does not...
...size or complexity of the organism. 3....
...the same number of chromosomes. a. All...
...4. The chromosomes of members of the...
...chromosomes of members of the same species...
...one long strand of DNA, with thousands...
...DNA, with thousands of genes, and associated...
...protein 2. Most of the time, the...
...have regular cycles of growth and division....
...an ordered sequence of events that leads...
...from the creation of a cell to...
...to the division of that cell. The...
...1. The “lifetime” of a cell is...
...Ninety percent (90%) of the cell cycle...
...phase, one copy of each chromosome will...
...Mitosis, the division of the nucleus, proceeds...
...through a series of stages that organize...
...at the center of the cell, split...
...Mitosis is division of the nucleus into...
...is not part of mitosis. 1. Chromosomes...
...duplicate; not part of mitosis. 1. Cell...
...each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids...
...(each a pair of sister chromatids) line...
...up in center of cell. 2. Each...
...a separate track of the mitotic spindle....
...2. One chromatid of each pair of...
...of each pair of sister chromatids is...
...to opposite ends of the cell. G....
...2. Each set of chromosomes is at...
...at one end of the cell. 3....
...Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, is...
...proceeds via formation of a cleavage furrow....
...proceeds via formation of a cell plate....
...is the distribution of cytoplasm into two...
...2. First sign of cleavage is a...
...is a ring of contractile protein filaments....
...forms, a strip of membrane and cell...
...fertilization (the fusion of haploid gametes to...
...and then production of gametes in the...
...23 homologous pairs of chromosomes. A. Sexual...
...from the fusion of gametes (sperm and...
...the life cycle of multicellular organisms a....
...from the adults of one generation to...
...to the adults of the next 3....
...1. Every one of your cells can...
...a single set of chromosomes, called haploid...
...two matched sets of chromosomes. 4. All...
...organisms. 5. Fusion of egg and sperm...
...Development: Repeated rounds of cell division give...
...C. An inventory of chromosomes 1. Karyotype...
...a photographic inventory of the chromosomes in...
...is duplicated, consisting of two sister chromatids...
...b. The versions of the genes may...
...D. One pair of homologous chromosomes 1....
...in 23 sets of homologous chromosomes. 3....
...4. One member of the pair came...
...In humans, two of the 46 chromosomes...
...is a type of cell division that...
...cells. One round of chromosome duplication is...
...by two rounds of division. The result...
...half the number of chromosomes as the...
...is a type of cell division that...
...half the number of chromosomes as diploid...
...meiosis involves duplication of the chromosomes before...
...are two rounds of cell division (whereas...
...half the number of chromosomes as the...
...cells. C. Phases of meiosis 1. Interphase...
...Meiosis I—first round of meiosis a. Nuclear...
...the center line of the cell (metaphase...
...to opposite ends of the cell (anaphase...
...chromosome still consists of two joined sister...
...is the process of one cell dividing...
...Meiosis II—second round of meiosis a. Chromosomes...
...in the center of the cell (metaphase...
...duplication and distribution of chromosomes to offspring...
...involves one round of division that produces...
...cells. A. Similarities of meiosis and mitosis...
...the life cycle of all sexually reproducing...
...by a duplication of chromosomes. B. Differences...
...an independent assortment of chromosomes, random fertilization,...
...The first two of these processes shuffle...
...contain new combinations of genes. A. Sexual...
...fertilization, the union of sperm and egg....
...The side-by-side orientation of each chromosome is...
...is a matter of chance. 4. Which...
...4. Which member of any homologous pair...
...) possible combinations of chromosomes in human...
...trillion possible combinations of chromosomes in the...
...a new combination of genes may be...
...with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. • CORE...
...with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. If such...
...an abnormal number of chromosomes. This is...
...an abnormal number of chromosomes. 4. Most...
...has three copies of chromosome 21. a....
...is a total of 47 chromosomes in...
...defects, varying degrees of developmental and intellectual...
...for a list of sex chromosome abnormalities....
...the basic principles of genetics by breeding...
...by two copies of a gene. The...
...is the transmission of traits from one...
...the scientific study of heredity. 3. Gregor...
...time, the concepts of DNA and genes...
...genes, individual units of inheritance that comprise...
...that comprise stretches of DNA on chromosomes....
...3. One member of each set came...
...4. Alternate forms of a particular gene...
...allele: Having one of these alleles determines...
...the physical appearance of the organism. 2....
...underlying genetic makeup of an organism. 3....
...through the actions of genes. 5.12 A...
...predict the results of a genetic cross....
...trait. The law of segregation states that...
...1. Two individuals of the P generation...
...just one character of the two parents....
...allows the probability of the genetic makeup...
...and appearance (phenotype) of the offspring to...
...for the cross of two Labradors a....
...chocolate-coated i. All of the father’s sperm...
...black-coated i. Half of the mother’s eggs...
...c. Possible combinations of offspring i. Bb—heterozygous,...
...Inc. C. Law of segregation 1. Two...
...1. Two members of a pair of...
...of a pair of chromosomes segregate (separate)...
...b. If some of the puppies are...
...5.13 Mendel’s law of independent assortment accounts...
...for the inheritance of multiple traits. •...
...gametes, the law of independent assortment states...
...segregate (separate) independently of the alleles for...
...wrinkled). B. Law of independent assortment 1....
...by a pair of alleles located on...
...BbDd, four types of gametes are equally...
...four possible combinations of phenotypes are found...
...See the table of characters on page...
...have two copies of the recessive trait...
...See the pedigree of first-generation grandparents who...
...at the phenotype of the individual and...
...5.15 The inheritance of many traits is...
...describes the inheritance of many characters, but...
...simple rules. Examples of complications include incomplete...
...the simple pattern of Mendelian inheritance, others...
...along a continuum of traits. 3. A...
...inheritance, the effect of many genes on...
...obey the law of independent assortment. •...
...so the behavior of chromosomes accounts for...
...for the inheritance of genes. Genes located...
...but crossing over of homologous chromosomes during...
...A. The law of independent assortment states...
...to the law of independent assortment 2....
...3. The process of crossing over can...
...have less chance of crossover occurring between...
...inheritance patterns. A. Of the 46 human...
...4. Some types of color blindness are...
...IDEA: Cloning—the production of genetically identical offspring...
...identical individuals born of a single parent....
...is a clone of the animal that...
...a. These types of stem cells cannot...
...wide a variety of cell types as...
...Chromosomes are associations of DNA and proteins....
...have regular cycles of growth and division....
...with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Down syndrome...
...the basic principles of genetics by breeding...
...predict the results of a genetic cross....
...P generation Law of segregation Punnett square...
...5.13 Mendel’s law of independent assortment accounts...
...for the inheritance of multiple traits. Dihybrid...
...Dihybrid cross Law of independent assortment 5.14...
...5.15 The inheritance of many traits is...
...obey the law of independent assortment. Linked...
...supported by years of research (in this...
...this case, decades of research). ? Binary...
...Chromosomes are associations of DNA and proteins....
...are exact duplicates of each other. Use...
...have regular cycles of growth and division....
...phase is composed of mitosis and cytokinesis....
...is not part of mitosis itself. 5.4...
...? The title of this unit underscores...
...the exact definition of mitosis as the...
...as the duplication of the nucleus. Cytokinesis,...
...is not part of mitosis, then occurs...
...? The definition of chromosome, sister chromatids,...
...for the ring of protein filaments creating...
...diagnosing abnormal numbers of chromosomes will come...
...? The similarity of mitosis to meiosis...
...mind the goal of each process. The...
...process. The goal of mitosis is to...
...exactly. The goal of meiosis is to...
...how many pairs of chromosomes are in...
...has one member of a pair of...
...of a pair of chromosomes. If I...
...how many pairs of shoes is that?...
...at the heart of this topic. ?...
...a basic idea of what the goal...
...what the goal of each process is...
...distinctions. ??The goal of mitosis is to...
...exactly. ??The goal of meiosis is to...
...are exact duplicates of each other. ?...
...with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. ? Think...
...an abnormal number of chromosomes or have...
...illustrate the range of human phenotypes. The...
...phenotypes. The stereotype of only “male” and...
...hides the range of possible human phenotypes....
...the basic principles of genetics by breeding...
...predict the results of a genetic cross....
...5.13 Mendel’s law of independent assortment accounts...
...for the inheritance of multiple traits. ?...
...? The law of independent assortment sounds...
...5.15 The inheritance of many traits is...
...all is part of life. ? Incomplete...
...used as “proof” of blending inheritance. Traits...
...on the surface of red blood cells....
...obey the law of independent assortment. ?...
...contradict the law of independent assortment. In...
...It’s an example of the “mistakes” in...
...normal, healthy part of genetic variability in...
...in the story of the Russian royal...
...mother contributes nothing of her genetic makeup...
...to see examples of asexual plant reproduction....
...Chromosomes are associations of DNA and proteins....
...have regular cycles of growth and division....
...labeling the parts of the cell cycle...
...level you expect of your students. ?...
...out the steps of mitosis. ??Use pool...
...at the end of summer on clearance....
...noodles in each of three colors. Ask...
...hold 12 lengths of string each. The...
...Demonstrate the process of cytokinesis through modeling....
...Project an image of a clear shallow...
...clear shallow dish of water to the...
...Add a drop of oil. Use a...
...split the drop of oil into two...
...??Bring an item of clothing that has...
...with a pair of homologous chromosomes. 5.7...
...search for animations of independent assortment and...
...with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. ? Ask...
...Applying the Concept of Non- Disjunction to...
...A. Hogan, University of North Carolina at...
...the basic principles of genetics by breeding...
...predict the results of a genetic cross....
...class or outside of class. Problems should...
...L. Kuslak, University of North Carolina at...
...5.13 Mendel’s law of independent assortment accounts...
...for the inheritance of multiple traits. ?...
...5.15 The inheritance of many traits is...
...obey the law of independent assortment. ?...
...Compare the likelihood of crossover occurring between...
...on a sheet of paper with two...
...is the width of the chromosome. Ask...
...without looking. Out of 10 or 20...
...the different types of cloning and/or the...
...and/or the use of stem cells. Be...

...1. An arrangement of information organized into...
...at the intersection of a row and...
...opens a copy of itself, opens unnamed,...
...at the top of a letter. H....
...uses line spacing of 1. I. No...
...name and address of the person receiving...
...The greeting line of a letter. K....
...name and title of the author of...
...of the author of a letter, placed...
...near the bottom of the letter under...
...states the purpose of the letter. L....
...table, the width of all of cells...
...width of all of cells in the...
...provides a list of words with similar...
...the desktop versions of Office are called...

...the upper portion of the program window....
...represents the end of a paragraph. L....
...5. A combination of two or more...
...as a result of selecting text or...
...7. A group of formatting commands, such...
...shows the result of applying an editing...
...displays a list of potential results instead...
...potential results instead of just the command...
...at the bottom of each page in...
...1. The action of pressing and releasing...
...2. The action of moving your mouse...
...3. The process of making changes to...
...4. The action of holding down the...
...5. The action of clicking the right...
...6. The action of canceling the selection...
...canceling the selection of an object or...
...object or block of text by clicking...
...by clicking outside of the selection is...
...10. A set of characters with the...
...on the ends of the letters to...
...the small row of buttons in the...
...upper left corner of the screen from...
...14. A set of three dots indicating...
...15. The process of updating computer files...