The most significant etiology for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is:
a. tobacco use.
b. chronic bronchitis.
c. exposure to carcinogens in the workplace.
d. emphysema.
Question 2A nurse is caring for an older adult who has metabolic syndrome. The nurse knows that the fol-lowing conditions are common in persons with metabolic syndrome: (Select all that apply.)
a. Glucose levels that are higher than normal
b. Increased waist circumference
c. Blood pressure that is lower than normal
d. Increased blood cholesterol levels
e. Decreased triglyceride levels
Question 3An older patient asks a nurse: I went to my diabetes doctor and everything was stable. The nurse practitioner spent the entire time teaching me about decreasing my risks of heart disease.
It seemed odd that she did not focus on teaching me how to better control my diabetes. Do you know why? The nurse formulates a response based on the understanding that: (Select all that apply.)
a. promoting cardiovascular health has the potential to minimize the complications of DM.
b. there is little evidence that demonstrates that the course of DM can be altered in an older adult.
c. the benefits of better control of blood pressure and lipid levels are seen much quicker than the benefits of better glyce-mic control.
d. older adults are less receptive to teaching about diabetes than they are to teaching about cardiovascular disease.
e. diabetes is not a common chronic condi-tion in older adults.
Question 4A nurse is caring for an older adult who is diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes. The patient is pre-scribed oral medication for diabetes. The nurse can expect that which of the following medica-tions is prescribed as a first-line therapy?
a. Insulin
b. Sulfonylureas
c. Metformin
d. Chlorpropramide
Question 5A nurse is educating an older adult with diabetes mellitus on minimizing the risk of cardiovascu-lar disease. The nurse focuses on lipid levels. Which of the following are the recommended goals for lipid levels? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cholesterol <200
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) >100
c. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) >40 (men), >50 (women)
d. Hb A1C value of 6.5
e. Triglycerides <150
Question 6An older adult with type 2 DM who is being treated with insulin wants to increase his activity level and begin a walking program. What recommendations should the nurse provide to this pa-tient?
a. A walking program is not recommended for an older adult with diabetes.
b. The walking regimen needs to be done on a regularly scheduled basis.
c. Regular exercise should not exceed 30 minutes three times a week.
d. Insulin can most probably be discontinued if the individual adheres to the walking program.
Question 7A client is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which diagnostic test will best evalu-ate the management plan prescribed for this client?
a. A yearly funduscopic examination by an ophthalmologist
b. Regular foot examinations by a podiatrist
c. Quarterly hemoglobin A1C
d. Biannual cholesterol testing
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