Hi, does anyone have the answer key for this exercise? i want to check my answers as I'm revising for a final exam and I'm not sure if all my answers are correct
Endocrine System: The Actions of Hormones on Target Cells
1. The receptor is activated by the input signal that is the ______________.
This signal causes a biochemical change in the cell. Name three of the five possible changes listed. _________________
_________________
_________________
2. Water soluble proteins such as __________ and ______________ bind to receptors located where on the cell? __________________
3. G proteins:
-What is bound to the G protein in the inactive state? ________ In the active state? __________
-What catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP? _________ _________
-What is known as the first messenger? _________Second messenger? _________
-A molecule of cAMP activates ________ ________ __, which can phosphorylate many proteins.
-A single molecule of a hormone can have a large effect on the cell due to this process called ___________.
-What is the enzyme that inactivates cAMP? _________________
4. Insulin:
-Insulin decreases plasma glucose, amino acids and fatty acids by stimulating the conversion of them to their storage form. Name these storage forms.
glucose ? _____________
amino acids ? ____________
fatty acids ? ____________
- Conversion to the storage form is known as _________ metabolism.
-After a meal, high levels of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids lead to a/an (decrease or increase) in insulin secretion.
-The autonomic nervous system also regulates insulin secretion. What effects would the sympathetic and parasympathetic system have on insulin secretion?
Sympathetic ? ____________
Parasympathetic ? ____________
-Insulin travels in the blood and binds to what type of receptors on the cell membrane? _________
-What is the approximate half-life of insulin? _________
-What hormone increases plasma glucose levels? _________ This hormone breaks down the storage forms and this is known as __________ metabolism.
5. Diabetes:
-Type (1 or 2) diabetes is characterized by a resistance of the target cells to insulin. Plasma insulin levels are normal or high.
-In type 1 diabetes, the lack of insulin and glycogenolysis in the liver leads to (hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia).
- With the increase in filtration of glucose at the kidneys the carriers become ________ and glucose appears in the urine, also known as ___________.
-Glucose acts as an _________ __________ leading to increased urine flow.
-Increased lipolysis produces an increase in _______ ______ which when used as fuel produces _________.
- The presence of these in plasma and urine is known respectively as ___________ and ___________.
6. -Lipid soluble hormones such as _________ and __________ hormone bind to receptors located _______________.
-Once the hormone binds to the receptor, the ___________ dissociates from the receptor complex.
-The hormone receptor complexes act as ____________ _________.
-The receptor-hormone complex then binds to ______.
-The mRNA produces _________________ that catalyze biochemical reactions in the cell.
7. Cortisol is classified as a ________ hormone. Name 4 major actions of Cortisol.
_____________________ _______________________
_____________________ _______________________
These actions are important for the stress response.
8. The main function of thyroid hormones is: ______________________.
Three other specific functions include:
___________________________
___________________________
_________________________
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