Discuss the situations in which the Miranda warning is unnecessary. A Miranda warning is not ...

following:
When the police do not ask the suspect any questions that are testimonial in

o nature. Such questions are designed to elicit information that may be used against the suspect in court. An example of this is when the suspect is asked routine
booking questions.
o When the police have not focused on a suspect and are questioning witnesses at the scene of a crime.
o When a person volunteers information before the police have asked a question.
When the suspect has given a private statement to a friend or some other
o acquaintance. Miranda does not apply to these statements as long as the government did not orchestrate the situation.
o During a stop and frisk, when no arrest has been made.
o During a traffic stop.