What are the primary chemical mediators released from mast cells during a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
A) antibodies
B) interleukin I and tumor necrosis factor
C) histamine and serotonin
D) cytokines
Which of the following can be used in creating a vaccine?
A) attenuated bacteria
B) inactivated viruses
C) recombinant proteins
D) attenuated bacteria, inactivated viruses, or recombinant proteins
Why are secondary or booster reimmunizations given?
A) Secondary immunizations are necessary for an innate immune response.
B) Secondary reimmunizations produce a secondary immune response and boost antibody titers.
C) Secondary reimmunizations produce a phagocytic immune response that is longer lasting than the primary immune response.
D) Frequent secondary reimmunizations are needed because the immune system doesn't remember antigens for more than a few years.
The purposeful artificial stimulation of active immunity to a particular infectious disease is known as
A) immunodeficiency.
B) hypersensitivity.
C) immunization.
D) opsonization.
An attenuated strain of a pathogen
A) has lost its virulence, but may be used to create a vaccine.
B) has changed its antigens to avoid an adaptive immune response.
C) is more virulent than the regular strains and may cause septic shock.
D) is an extracellular pathogen that will be cleared by innate immunity.
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