According to Ellis,
a. the unconscious origins of irrational thought are the key elements to be examined during therapy.
b. therapists should focus exclusively upon stimuli and responses, and should not focus upon any intervening cognitive processes.
c. our interpretations of events, rather than the events themselves, determine our behavioral reactions.
d. none of the above
Question 2Which of the following clinical examples best illustrates guided participation?
a. A client with contamination fears is asked to imagine a series of progressively more intense anxiety-producing scenarios.
b. A client with social anxiety watches a videotape of a model interacting at a party.
c. After watching a model exhibit target behaviors, a client with a snake phobia is gradually encouraged by the therapist to try out similar behaviors.
d. The therapist of a client with sexual dysfunction challenges the irrational beliefs that underlie the problem and tries to replace them with more rational beliefs.
Question 3The role of self-efficacy in cognitive-behavioral therapy was most clearly emphasized by
a. Watson.
b. Bandura.
c. Wolpe.
d. Meichenbaum.
Question 4Aversion therapy is quite controversial. ALL BUT WHICH of the following is a common criticism of this type of treatment?
a. Punishment may not be the most effective way to influence behavior in the long term.
b. This type of treatment shows little appreciation for human dignity.
c. The range of practicable aversive agents is somewhat limited.
d. All of the above are common criticisms.
Question 5A child is punished for lying to her parents by having her allowance reduced. Behavioral therapists would label this technique as
a. response cost.
b. token economy.
c. thought stopping.
d. overcorrection.
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