Which defense mechanism involves placing feelings, behaviors, or characteristics onto another person?
A. Fixation
B. Sublimation
C. Denial
D. Projection
Q. 2The primary difference between the Gestalt and existential approach is:
A. Gestalt counseling is more focused on cognitive change.
B. Gestalt counselors are more active and directive.
C. existential counseling is more effective for children.
D. existential counseling is more focused on the here and now.
Q. 3The primary difference between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy is:
A. psychoanalysis has been shown to be more effective.
B. psychodynamic concentrates on family dynamics.
C. psychoanalysis is more flexible in methods.
D. psychodynamic therapy is a briefer treatment.
Q. 4The primary difference between person-centered and existential counseling is:
A. existential is more action-oriented.
B. person-centered is more focused on reflecting feelings.
C. person-centered is more focused on the present.
D. person-centered is more action-oriented.
Q. 5The main difference between existential and psychoanalytic counseling is:
A. existential has more techniques than psychoanalytic counseling.
B. existential focuses on the present; psychoanalytic focuses on the past.
C. psychoanalytic is commonly much more directive.
D. psychoanalytic treatment is brief; existential counseling is a 3- to 5-year process.
Q. 6In adopting a feminist approach to counseling theory, it would be important to:
A. realize that most theories were influenced and developed by the dominant male culture.
B. emphasize that women are superior to men in their emotional functioning.
C. emphasize how clients gender within their culture shaped their expectations and decision making.
D. minimize gender roles since they are a distraction.
Q. 7Postmodernism posits that:
A. advances in brain-imaging technology have revolutionized the way we understand human behavior.
B. the counseling profession has moved through its premodern and modern phases, and is now entering its postmodern era.
C. the field of philosophy is gradually becoming a legitimate counseling theory in its own right.
D. it is a mistaken belief that we can understand human beings by searching for objective truths.
Q. 8Adler, in contrast to Freud, emphasized the _____ determinants of personality.
A. sexual
B. instinctual
C. social
D. affective
Q. 9According to Alfred Adler, the purpose of counseling is to:
A. resolve infantile wishes and desires.
B. restore faith in self and to overcome feelings of inferiority.
C. satisfy basic psychological needs while creating a life script.
D. to optimize the innate tendency toward self-actualization.
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