Biochemistry

Calculate the standard free energy change for the reactionFADH2 + 1/2O2 → FAD + H2O given that ...

Calculate the standard free energy change for the reactionFADH2 + 1/2O2 → FAD + H2O given that ...

Calculate the standard free energy change for the reactionFADH2 + 1/2O2  → FAD + H2O given that the standard reduction potential for the reduction of oxygen to water is +0.82 V and for the reduction of FAD to FADH2 is +0.03 V.

3493954   425   3 Replies

Joyce M Adekunle

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) All of the protein complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are bound in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
B) Cytochrome c and coenzyme Q are both soluble electron carriers that are loo

3493954   57   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following is NOT an electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain?

Which of the following is NOT an electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain?

Which of the following is NOT an electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain?
A) FMN
B) FAD
C) Fe3+
D) Cu2+
E) CoQH2

3493954   59   1 Reply

Nyntti

All of the cytochromes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain contain the same heme moiety as found ...

All of the cytochromes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain contain the same heme moiety as found ...

All of the cytochromes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain contain the same heme moiety as found in hemoglobin.
T/F?

3493954   66   1 Reply

Nyntti

Electron transport through NADH-Coenzyme Q reductase (Complex I) is accompanied by transfer of ...

Electron transport through NADH-Coenzyme Q reductase (Complex I) is accompanied by transfer of ...

Electron transport through NADH-Coenzyme Q reductase (Complex I) is accompanied by transfer of ________ protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

3493954   63   1 Reply

Nyntti

Calculate the free energy change associated with transporting one proton from the matrix to the ...

Calculate the free energy change associated with transporting one proton from the matrix to the ...

Calculate the free energy change associated with transporting one proton from the matrix to the intermembrane space at 37∘C where the electrical potential across the membrane is ~ = 170 mV and the △pH is +0.75.

3493954   80   1 Reply

BurgaskO

Oligomycin is an inhibitor of ADP phosphorylation because it blocks the flow of protons through the ...

Oligomycin is an inhibitor of ADP phosphorylation because it blocks the flow of protons through the ...

Oligomycin is an inhibitor of ADP phosphorylation because it blocks the flow of protons through the ________.

3493954   62   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following is NOT true of respiratory control?

Which of the following is NOT true of respiratory control?

Which of the following is NOT true of respiratory control?
A) Oxidative phosphorylation is absolutely dependent on the continued flow of electrons from substrates to oxygen.
B) Oxidative phosphorylation is regulated by allosteric mechanisms

3493954   91   1 Reply

BurgaskO

In animal cells the mitochondrial electron transport chain is responsible for reoxidizing most of ...

In animal cells the mitochondrial electron transport chain is responsible for reoxidizing most of ...

In animal cells the mitochondrial electron transport chain is responsible for reoxidizing most of the NADH produced by oxidative pathways regardless of the cellular compartment in which it was produced.
T/F?

3493954   76   1 Reply

BurgaskO

Which of the following is NOT involved in the enzymatic inactivation of reactive oxygen species?

Which of the following is NOT involved in the enzymatic inactivation of reactive oxygen species?

Which of the following is NOT involved in the enzymatic inactivation of reactive oxygen species?
A) Superoxide dismutase
B) Catalase
C) Vitamin C
D) Peroxiredoxin
E) Peroxidase

3493954   81   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is FALSE?
A) The light reactions occur within or on the thylakoid membranes.
B) The dark reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplast.
C) The light reactions oxidise water to o

3493954   70   1 Reply

Nyntti

Photons with any energy value are able to cause transitions in the electronic states of organic ...

Photons with any energy value are able to cause transitions in the electronic states of organic ...

Photons with any energy value are able to cause transitions in the electronic states of organic molecules to drive reactions and thus capture light energy in chemical form.
T/F?

3493954   94   1 Reply

Nyntti

Water is oxidized to oxygen at the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II and released into the ...

Water is oxidized to oxygen at the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II and released into the ...

Water is oxidized to oxygen at the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II and released into the lumen of the thylakoid and diffuses out of the chloroplast.
T/F?

3493954   101   1 Reply

Nyntti

The plastoquinones associated with photosystem II proteins are structurally and functionally similar ...

The plastoquinones associated with photosystem II proteins are structurally and functionally similar ...

The plastoquinones associated with photosystem II proteins are structurally and functionally similar to ________ in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

3493954   80   1 Reply

BurgaskO

Which of the following intermediates of the Calvin cycle is NOT used directly to regenerate ...

Which of the following intermediates of the Calvin cycle is NOT used directly to regenerate ...

Which of the following intermediates of the Calvin cycle is NOT used directly to regenerate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate?
A) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
C) Fructose 6-phosphate
D) Fructose 1,6-bisphospha

3493954   58   1 Reply

Nyntti

Cyclic electron flow through photosystem one and its associated electron transfer chain can be used ...

Cyclic electron flow through photosystem one and its associated electron transfer chain can be used ...

Cyclic electron flow through photosystem one and its associated electron transfer chain can be used to produce ATP when levels of ________ are very low.

3493954   138   1 Reply

BurgaskO

As well as acting as a carboxylase, Rubisco can act as an oxygenase under normal environmental ...

As well as acting as a carboxylase, Rubisco can act as an oxygenase under normal environmental ...

As well as acting as a carboxylase, Rubisco can act as an oxygenase under normal environmental conditions initiating a pathway known as ________ which produces 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate.

3493954   98   1 Reply

BurgaskO

Clathrin is a self-associating protein, which is able to form cage-like structures, which facilitate ...

Clathrin is a self-associating protein, which is able to form cage-like structures, which facilitate ...

Clathrin is a self-associating protein, which is able to form cage-like structures, which facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis.
T/F?

3493954   52   1 Reply

Nyntti

Propionyl-CoA, the end product of β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids can enter the citric acid ...

Propionyl-CoA, the end product of β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids can enter the citric acid ...

Propionyl-CoA, the end product of β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids can enter the citric acid cycle after being converted to ________.

3493954   74   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Chylomicrons are lipoproteins that transport dietary fat from intestine to peripheral tissues.
B) VLDL transports triacylglycerol synthesized in the liver to peripheral tissues.
C) Some f

3493954   126   1 Reply

Nyntti

Excess cholesterol is metabolically degraded in the liver.T/F?

Excess cholesterol is metabolically degraded in the liver.T/F?

Excess cholesterol is metabolically degraded in the liver.
T/F?

3493954   107   1 Reply

BurgaskO

________ is taken up by cells using receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involves the recognition of ...

________ is taken up by cells using receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involves the recognition of ...

________ is taken up by cells using receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involves the recognition of the B-100 apolipoprotein component of LDL.

3493954   63   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following statements about β-oxidation of fatty acids is CORRECT?

Which of the following statements about β-oxidation of fatty acids is CORRECT?

Which of the following statements about β-oxidation of fatty acids is CORRECT?
A) Both dehydrogenation reactions produce a C=C double bond.
B) Both dehydrogenation reactions use FAD as the electron acceptor.
C) Thiolytic cleavage relea

3493954   65   1 Reply

BurgaskO

Long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane using the carrier ...

Long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane using the carrier ...

Long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane using the carrier ________.

3493954   93   1 Reply

Nyntti

β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids yields the same amount of energy as saturated fatty acids ...

β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids yields the same amount of energy as saturated fatty acids ...

β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids yields the same amount of energy as saturated fatty acids with the same number of carbons.
T/F?

3493954   132   1 Reply

Nyntti

While a number of hormones can stimulate lipolysis, the primary hormonal effects in adipose tissue ...

While a number of hormones can stimulate lipolysis, the primary hormonal effects in adipose tissue ...

While a number of hormones can stimulate lipolysis, the primary hormonal effects in adipose tissue are mediated by ________ in response to stress and by ________ during fasting.

3493954   45   1 Reply

Nyntti

The first committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the formation of ________ in a reaction ...

The first committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the formation of ________ in a reaction ...

The first committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the formation of ________ in a reaction catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase.

3493954   70   1 Reply

Nyntti

Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis by which of the following mechanisms?

Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis by which of the following mechanisms?

Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis by which of the following mechanisms?
A) Stimulation of a glucose transport across the plasma membrane
B) Dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
C) Stimulation of dephosphorylation of pyruva

3493954   49   1 Reply

Nyntti

HMG-CoA reductase, the major control point of cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by ...

HMG-CoA reductase, the major control point of cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by ...

HMG-CoA reductase, the major control point of cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms mediated by Insig proteins bound in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
T/F?

3493954   75   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following compounds is NOT derived from cholesterol?

Which of the following compounds is NOT derived from cholesterol?

Which of the following compounds is NOT derived from cholesterol?
A) Glycocholate
B) 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
C) α-tocopherol
D) Aldosterone
E) Cortisol

3493954   142   1 Reply

Nyntti

The prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes belong to a family of local acting signaling ...

The prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes belong to a family of local acting signaling ...

The prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes belong to a family of local acting signaling molecules, all of which are derived from ________ acid.

3493954   68   1 Reply

BurgaskO

The heart is a completely aerobic tissue that can make use of fatty acids, lactate, glucose and ...

The heart is a completely aerobic tissue that can make use of fatty acids, lactate, glucose and ...

The heart is a completely aerobic tissue that can make use of fatty acids, lactate, glucose and ketone bodies as fuel sources.
T/F?

3493954   81   1 Reply

BurgaskO

Which of the following fuel reserves can be used by skeletal muscle?

Which of the following fuel reserves can be used by skeletal muscle?

Which of the following fuel reserves can be used by skeletal muscle?
A) Protein
B) Glycogen
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Fatty acids
E) All of the above

3493954   60   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Glucagon increases cAMP levels in the liver in response to the fasting state.
B) Epinephrine causes mobilization of triacylglycerols from adipose tissue in response to stress.
C) Insulin d

3493954   97   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucagon?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucagon?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucagon?
A) Hydrolysis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
B) Inhibition of glycogenolysis
C) Inhibition of pyruvate kinase
D) Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase
E) Phosphorylatio

3493954   59   1 Reply

Nyntti

Which of the following is an endocrine regulator that inhibits food intake?

Which of the following is an endocrine regulator that inhibits food intake?

Which of the following is an endocrine regulator that inhibits food intake?
A) Ghrelin
B) Adiponectin
C) Leptin
D) Insulin
E) Both C and D

3493954   54   1 Reply

BurgaskO

Sirtuins are deacetylases that are ________-dependent and therefore can respond to the redox state ...

Sirtuins are deacetylases that are ________-dependent and therefore can respond to the redox state ...

Sirtuins are deacetylases that are ________-dependent and therefore can respond to the redox state of the cell.

3493954   120   1 Reply

BurgaskO

A side effect of diabetes is the production of acetone from the decarboxylation of acetoacetate due ...

A side effect of diabetes is the production of acetone from the decarboxylation of acetoacetate due ...

A side effect of diabetes is the production of acetone from the decarboxylation of acetoacetate due to ketoacidosis.
T/F?

3493954   105   1 Reply

Nyntti

One of the metabolic adaptations that occurs with prolonged starvation is the increased production ...

One of the metabolic adaptations that occurs with prolonged starvation is the increased production ...

One of the metabolic adaptations that occurs with prolonged starvation is the increased production of ________ because there is insufficient oxaloacetate for oxidation of all the acetyl CoA produced from fat breakdown.

3493954   145   1 Reply

Nyntti

Nitrate can be reduced to ammonia by virtually all organisms.T/F?

Nitrate can be reduced to ammonia by virtually all organisms.T/F?

Nitrate can be reduced to ammonia by virtually all organisms.
T/F?

3493954   70   1 Reply

BurgaskO