Immunology

Measuring bacteria on surfaces.

Measuring bacteria on surfaces.

Are tests to measure bacteria and viruses on surfaces expensive? I would like to know the affectiveness of disinfectant I'm using.

CarbonRobot   1194   7 Replies

bio_man

How do allergy shots work?

How do allergy shots work?

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fECVC9zjS-g&pp=ygUZaG93IGRvIGFsbGVyZ3kgc2hvdHMgd29yaw%3D%3D

I watched this video, but how does the body react differently from real world substances, and what I presume are the same things but in a syringe

CarbonRobot   636   12 Replies

duddy

Is Virus ever isolated?

Is Virus ever isolated?

I would like to hear opinions how factual are these claims that the viruses were never isolated!, if so then how can someone claim there is effective vaccine!?, an logic that I have heard about through the remarks of two balkan doctors (one of

1234

Odiseizam   2014   48 Replies

Odiseizam

Can Thermography serve as covid diagnostic method?

Can Thermography serve as covid diagnostic method?

Knowing that with reason sars'cov'2 was labeled cardiovascular disease [1][1] how relevant would be thermography d

Odiseizam   184   N/A

Odiseizam

A naïve lymphocyte ____.​///The body’s inner surfaces are protected against penetration by ...

A naïve lymphocyte ____.​///The body’s inner surfaces are protected against penetration by ...

A naïve lymphocyte ____.​
 
​a) is bound directly to an antigen
 
B) ​has not yet bound to antigen
 
C) ​is an antigen-presenting cell
 
D) is a phagocyte

E) is inflammatory


 The bod

Anonymous   207   1 Reply

Anonymous

Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of

Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of

hi
Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of
A) ACTH.
B) TSH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) GH.

vareesa nadee   181   1 Reply

bio_man

The average weather condition an area receives over a long period of time is called the

The average weather condition an area receives over a long period of time is called the

Hi
The average weather condition an area receives
  over a long period of time is called the
 
  a. forecast
  b. climate
  c. weather range
  d. precipitation range
  e. humidity

Anonymous   170   1 Reply

Anonymous

HIV/AIDS Viral Replication

HIV/AIDS Viral Replication

1- What characterizes the acute, chronic and AIDS phases of HIV infection in terms of symptoms and viral replication?

2- What mechanisms are involved in resistance to execution by HIV, as seen in Jason? The best known is the delta32 of the

Steve8530   300   1 Reply

habiba

HIV receptors and their life cycle

HIV receptors and their life cycle

What are the receptors used by HIV for infection? In which cells are these receptors present? What is the life cycle of HIV in the Cell?

Steve8530   338   1 Reply

bio_man

Why are asplenic children susceptible to systemic infections ?

Why are asplenic children susceptible to systemic infections ?

Why are asplenic children susceptible to systemic infection (notably in the bloond) from Streptococus Pneumonia ande Haemophilus Influenzae ?

What is the capsule and how does it protect the bacteria described in this question ?

Steve8530   255   1 Reply

bio_man

Vaccination in asplenic individuals

Vaccination in asplenic individuals

Would you recommend that a person who has lost their spleen in an accident get vaccinated against Haemophilus Influenzae ?

Steve8530   233   1 Reply

bio_man

Congenital Asplenia

Congenital Asplenia

Why do children who do not have a spleen  has a normal response to vaccine but not to sheep erythrocytes ?

Steve8530   244   1 Reply

bio_man

Congenital Asplenia

Congenital Asplenia

1. Explain the mechanism of action of the vaccine against Tetanus and against Salmonella typhi (typhoid vaccine).

 2. In an individual who has lost a spleen, which other organ compensates for its activity by removing senile red blood cells

Steve8530   251   1 Reply

bio_man

Not getting fevers anymore.

Not getting fevers anymore.

I am 40 and I don't think I've gotten a fever since before age 33. Is my immune system getting weak? That seems like an important mechanism to kill intruders.

CarbonRobot   375   3 Replies

kdot14

This virus is said to be a quasi-species because of its high mutation rate. It is

This virus is said to be a quasi-species because of its high mutation rate. It is

This virus is said to be a quasi-species because of its high mutation rate. It is
 
  a. hepatitis A
  b. hepatitis B
  c. hepatitis C
  d. hepatitis D
  e. hepatitis E

darrellsia   310   1 Reply

bolbol

Joan had practiced thoroughly for the state track meet. However, the day of the meet was hot with ...

Joan had practiced thoroughly for the state track meet. However, the day of the meet was hot with ...

Joan had practiced thoroughly for the state track meet. However, the day of the meet was hot with high humidity. Arriving late, Joan did not have much time to warm up for the half-mile sprint.
 
  Once the race began, Joan felt her chest t

KAtlold   1663   5 Replies

Alexis McConnell

Covid-19 causes of death?

Covid-19 causes of death?

I am finding a number of people I have met seem to think the number of Covid-19 deaths is inflated, and including car accidents and other things. How can one be sure Covid-19 causes of death are accurate? What if someone has COPD which is respiratory

CarbonRobot   315   2 Replies

CarbonRobot

What is the Latin word for pain?

What is the Latin word for pain?

What is the Latin word for pain?
 
  a. Rubor
  b. Calor
  c. Dolor
  d. Tumor
  e. Accio

mahafakhoury   267   1 Reply

bolbol

Which of the following cell types is required for all humoral immune responses?

Which of the following cell types is required for all humoral immune responses?

Which of the following cell types is required for all humoral immune responses?
 
  A. Natural killer cells
  B. Dendritic cells
  C. Cytolytic T lymphocytes
  D. B lymphocytes
  E. Helper

yncr   324   2 Replies

Yeleu Yermekuly

A client complains of pitting, ridging, and separation of nails from the nail bed. Which ...

A client complains of pitting, ridging, and separation of nails from the nail bed. Which ...

A client complains of pitting, ridging, and separation of nails from the nail bed. Which musculoskeletal disorder does the nurse suspect in the client?
 
  1. Septic arthritis
  2. Psoriatic arthritis
  3. Ankylosing spondylitis

thisisstupidash   400   3 Replies

Nehemiah2010

As antigen is picked up in peripheral tissues by antigen-presenting cells, it is

As antigen is picked up in peripheral tissues by antigen-presenting cells, it is

As antigen is picked up in peripheral tissues by antigen-presenting cells, it is
 
  A. processed for presentation to B cells.
  B. processed for presentation to T cells.
  C. moved without processing over sev

Tzasqatch   338   2 Replies

Raveen Sidhu

Which statement describes innate immunity?

Which statement describes innate immunity?

[html]Which statement describes innate immunity?


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Hashimmohd9   231   1 Reply

3289u3902u398

Which of the following is required for HIV replication?

Which of the following is required for HIV replication?

[html]Which of the following is required for HIV replication?


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thuytienvang   225   1 Reply

mossandtoss

Which of the following is involved in the body's secondary immune defence?

Which of the following is involved in the body's secondary immune defence?

[html]Which of the following is involved in the body's secondary immune defence?


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Anim Richard   224   1 Reply

jas1215

Which of the following is an antibody class in humans?

Which of the following is an antibody class in humans?

[html]Which of the following is an antibody class in humans?


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helena107   221   1 Reply

dfsd

Which of the following is a specific defence mechanism?

Which of the following is a specific defence mechanism?

[html]Which of the following is a specific defence mechanism?


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2014Chevy   238   1 Reply

sdicris1828

Which of the following is a part of an antibody molecule?

Which of the following is a part of an antibody molecule?

[html]Which of the following is a part of an antibody molecule?


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Jonn   242   1 Reply

amazingpsy

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies can protect the body from foreign antigens?

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies can protect the body from foreign antigens?

[html]Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies can protect the body from foreign antigens?


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arvind1   215   1 Reply

mr,slickz

Which of the following is a characteristic of the acquired immune response?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the acquired immune response?

[html]Which of the following is a characteristic of the acquired immune response?


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blakeand   228   1 Reply

Josh Donnachie

Which of the following are most responsible for the symptoms of inflammation?

Which of the following are most responsible for the symptoms of inflammation?

[html]Which of the following are most responsible for the symptoms of inflammation?


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Tonya Cummings   233   1 Reply

dhelgeso

What does an antibody molecule consist of?

What does an antibody molecule consist of?

[html]What does an antibody molecule consist of?


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Dannielle   236   1 Reply

Zenoryx

What does a monoclonal antibody react against?

What does a monoclonal antibody react against?

[html]What does a monoclonal antibody react against?


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albrthdn   223   1 Reply

vrtyrtrty

What do helper T cells secrete, which activate B cells and stimulate their proliferation?

What do helper T cells secrete, which activate B cells and stimulate their proliferation?

[html]What do helper T cells secrete, which activate B cells and stimulate their proliferation?


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Chemchem   227   1 Reply

Mikayla15

What do autoimmune diseases break down in the body?

What do autoimmune diseases break down in the body?

[html]What do autoimmune diseases break down in the body?


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Thomasvep   223   1 Reply

Guest

What did Edward Jenner inject individuals with and why?

What did Edward Jenner inject individuals with and why?

[html]What did Edward Jenner inject individuals with and why?


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sinawe   227   1 Reply

GalenDat

What are the primary targets for HIV?

What are the primary targets for HIV?

[html]What are the primary targets for HIV?


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Ibtisamrijal   236   1 Reply

camiladamatta6

What are the major phagocytic cells in the body?

What are the major phagocytic cells in the body?

[html]What are the major phagocytic cells in the body?


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suhail1073   236   1 Reply

jp2189

Under what conditions does a CD8+ T cell bind to an antigen?

Under what conditions does a CD8+ T cell bind to an antigen?

[html]Under what conditions does a CD8+ T cell bind to an antigen?


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Hashimmohd9   226   1 Reply

NAVI

Under what conditions does a CD4+ T cell bind to an antigen?

Under what conditions does a CD4+ T cell bind to an antigen?

[html]Under what conditions does a CD4+ T cell bind to an antigen?


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brendenxoxo21   207   1 Reply

Jayhill

The three lines of defence against invasion are: 1) adaptive immune system, 2) physical barriers, ...

The three lines of defence against invasion are: 1) adaptive immune system, 2) physical barriers, ...

[html]The three lines of defence against invasion are: 1) adaptive immune system, 2) physical barriers, and 3) innate immune system. Which sequ

jjqman1   221   1 Reply

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