What is the position of multinational corporations (MNCs) in relation to national governments?

What is the position of multinational corporations (MNCs) in relation to national governments?
 
  a. The unwieldy size of MNCs limits their political maneuverability.
  b. MNCs have the ability to make economic decisions independently of the nations in which they operate.
 c. MNCs are regulated in all their world-wide operations by the governments of countries where they are headquartered.
  d. Because MNCs transfer cutting-edge technology to developing countries, governments in these countries are willing to accommodate them.
  e. MNCs are tightly regulated in advanced industrial countries, but not in developing countries.

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A combination of political or economic organizations that act to limit competition among themselves is a
 
  a. bloc.
  b. cartel.
  c. protectorate.
  d. multinational corporation.
  e. treaty organization.