Calcium-induced calcium release occurs when
A.
calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum stimulates the movement of calcium into the cell through the plasma membrane.
B.
calcium is released from both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the cardiac muscle cell.
C.
the eflux of calcium from the cell results in depolarization.
D.
calcium entering through the plasma membrane stimulates release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Question 2) Identify the structures that contribute to the slow onset of contraction and prolonged contraction phase in cardiac muscle tissue.
A.
Desmosomes
B.
Gap junctions
C.
Intercalated discs
D.
T-tubules
E.
Terminal cisternae
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Question 3) A knowledge of heart location would NOT be important for which of the following?
A.
Blood pressure readings
B.
Stethoscope positioning
C.
Electrocardiogram
D.
Cardiopulmonary resucitation
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Question 4) The adult heart averages ___________ grams.
A.
100-200
B.
50-100
C.
250-300
D.
400-500
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Question 5) All of the following are functions of the heart, except _____________________.
A.
generating blood pressure
B.
separating pulmonary and systemic circulations
C.
moving blood in one direction
D.
adjusting blood supply, depending on tissue needs
E.
adjusting blood gas levels, depending on tissue needs
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Question 6) Why is it important to use an antibiotic other than ampicillin in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia?
A.
Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin destroy the cell walls of cardiac muscle cells.
B.
Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin cause the cells lining blood vessels to endocytose bacteria and deposit them in cardiac muscle tissue.
C.
Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin are not effective in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.
D.
Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin destroy the cell walls of bacteria which cause a toxin to be released that will destroy cardiac muscle cells.
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Question 7) During hemorrhagic shock in which blood pressure is decreased, which of the regulatory mechanisms is most important is increasing cardiac output to help maintain blood pressure?
A. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
B. increase venous return
C. increase in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
D. increase vagal stimulation of the heart
E. increase in the amplitude of the heart sounds
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Question 8) Fred was admitted to the cardiac unit with chest pains. No arrhythmias and no large changes in the heart rate were observable.
Blood samples taken over the next few days showed no increase in enzymes such as creatine phosphokinase. A possible treatment of the condition is
A. beta adrenergic blocking agents.
B. nitroglycerin.
C. calcium channel blocking agents.
D. aspirin.
E. exercise.
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Question 9) Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?
A. stopping smoking
B. exercise
C. maintaining normal cholesterol levels
D. chronic stress
E. lots of fiber in the diet
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Question 10) Aortic stenosis results from
A. a hole in the interatrial septum.
B. a weakening of heart muscle.
C. a narrowed opening through the aortic valve.
D. low oxygen levels.
E. leakage from the AV valves.
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