The macula densa cells respond to ________.
A) changes in pressure in the tubule
B) aldosterone
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) changes in Na+ content of the filtrate
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Question 2) Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?
A) little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids
B) Na+ mainly in the cells, K+ in the body fluids
C) equal amounts of each ion in the cells and body fluids
D) K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids
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Question 3) Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.
A) hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments
B) not limited by a transport maximum
C) in the distal convoluted tubule
D) accomplished after the nephron loop is reached
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Question 4) Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
A) potassium
B) chloride
C) bicarbonate
D) iron
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Question 5) The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.
A) filtration
B) active transport
C) osmosis
D) cotransport with sodium ions
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Question 6) In a car accident, Jane suffered a chest injury that resulted in impaired breathing and respiratory acidosis. How will her body compensate for this imbalance?
A) kidneys eliminate bicarbonate ions
B) kidneys retain bicarbonate ions
C) kidneys retain hydrogen ions
D) kidneys eliminate carbon dioxide
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Question 7) The filtration membrane includes all except ________.
A) basement membrane
B) renal fascia
C) glomerular endothelium
D) podocytes
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Question 8) The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.
A) plasma
B) cerebrospinal fluid
C) interstitial fluid
D) intracellular fluid
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Question 9) Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
A) glucocorticoids
B) aldosterone
C) water levels
D) ADH
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Question 10) Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)?
A) the pressure of the fluid in the bladder
B) motor neurons
C) the stretching of the bladder wall
D) the sympathetic efferents
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