How does aging affect the endocrine system?
A. Secretory activity of endocrine glands decreases.
B. Normal levels of hormones, particularly growth hormone and sex hormones, often decrease.
C. Aging reduces the efficiency of endocrine system functions.
D. Endocrine system imbalances can lead to weight gain or muscle loss.
E. All of the choices are correct.
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Question 2) This figure shows an example of regulation of hormone secretion by a negative feedback loop. The large box labeled 1 represents the initial stimulus. What endocrine glands are indicated by the letters d and e?
A. d = hypothalamus, e = posterior pituitary
B. d = thalamus, e = anterior pituitary
C. d = hypothalamus, e = anterior pituitary
D. d = hypothalamus, e = thyroid gland
E. d = thalamus, e = posterior pituitary
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Question 3) Glucagon works by
A. binding to hormone response elements on DNA and stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
B. binding to hormone response elements on DNA and stimulating glycogenesis.
C. activating second messengers and stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
D. activating second messengers and stimulating glycogenesis.
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Question 4) The pancreas is located ________ to the stomach, and it lies between the duodenum and the ________.
A. anterior, liver
B. anterior, spleen
C. posterior, liver
D. posterior, spleen
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Question 5) Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose.
A. increase, increase
B. increase, decrease
C. decrease, decrease
D. decrease, increase
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Question 6) Compared to young adults, the elderly usually have ______ levels of circulating growth hormone and _____ levels of circulating sex hormones.
A. higher, higher
B. higher, lower
C. lower, lower
D. lower, higher
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Question 7) In addition to secreting hormones, the pancreas also produces
A. white blood cells.
B. sodium chloride.
C. pancreatic juice.
D. endorphins.
E. prostaglandins.
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Question 8) The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is
A. insulin.
B. glucagon.
C. glucocorticoid.
D. somatostatin.
E. epinephrine.
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Question 9) In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by
A. endocrine dysplasia.
B. negative feedback.
C. positive feedback.
D. neural regulation.
E. somatic regulation.
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Question 10) The metabolic condition called ___________ results from the destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas due to an autoimmune response.
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. gestational diabetes
C. beta cell diabetes
D. insulin-independent diabetes mellitus
E. Type 1 diabetes
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