When examining the budget, the nurse manager knows that approximately 50 percent to 60 percent of ...

Answer to #1

C
Labor is a significant cost. Salaries and benefits account for 50 percent to 60 percent of operational
costs.

Answer to #2

D
Reward power is power that is derived from the ability to reward or punish others (Fisher & Koch, 1996). The nurse manager in the example above is demonstrating reward power in the distribution of a 3 merit increase (raise) in salary. Expert power is derived from knowledge and expertise which the nurse manger most likely also has, but this is not demonstrated in this example. Referent power or charisma is derived from a perceived admiration, trust, and respect that individuals feel toward another person based on their ability to inspire confidence, be a great visionary, or display attributes of charisma (Miller, 2003).

Answer to #3

B
Because the nursing supervisor traditionally made rounds at the same time each day, the staff members
were prepared for the visit. When the supervisor arrived unexpectedly, the staff members were most
likely caught off-guard. The Hawthorn effect occurs when recognition that one is being studied or
observed results in a change in behavior. Coincidence, diligence of staff, and time management would
not account for the dramatic change in behavior.

Answer to #4

B
Fisher & Koch (1996) identified a kind of power where an individual is perceived to be charismatic in nature and of great vision. This type of power is called referent or charisma power. Nurse B in the example given above is exhibiting this type of power as she is respected and admired by her staff, is considered to have great vision, and seems to have an ability to attract people. Expert power is derived from an individual's knowledge and skills (Fisher & Koch, 1996). Connection power is derived from the connections that people have together such as teamwork, collaboration, networking, and mentoring (Miller, 2003). Reward power is based on the individual's ability to reward or punish others (Miller, 2003).

Answer to #5

B
Zero-based budgeting is a process used to drill down into costs associated by detailing every supply
item and quantity of times it is typically used. Accounting is an activity that managers engage in to
record and report financial transactions and data. An operating budget accounts for the income and
expenses associated with the day-to-day activities within a department or organization. A capital
budget accounts for the purchase of major new or replacement equipment.

Answer to #6

A
Delegation of nursing tasks consists of knowledge, skill, behavior, experience, and training. Some ways in which nurses learn how to effectively delegate are: 1) discussion of knowledge and skills related to delegation; 2) clinical mentorship; and 3) practice of responsibilities related to delegation. While intuition may be helpful for nurses in certain situations, it is not considered a key or primary means by which nurses learn how to effectively delegate nursing tasks.

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