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Home Q & A Board Biology-Related Homework Help Zoology and Botany (Moderator: ehd123)
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desiinuk desiinuk
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9 years ago
1) Describe the structure of a eukaryotic gene.

2)Compare the two ways gene expression is controlled in eukaryotes.

for number 1, does it mean I should describe pre-rna? or a chromosome? I don't know what exactly a eukaryotic gene looks like?

for number 2, I would say probably the promoter, since only the promoter initiates transcription to produce mRNA, and maybe the pre-RNA, since it requires splicosomes to remove the introns? I'm not sure about either one of these, and would not get these two questions right.
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firefighter61firefighter61
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9 years ago
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Many genomes have been sequenced and their gene sequences are stored in general DNA sequence databases (e.g. GenBank) and in species specific databases (e.g. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR).

The figures are views of the sequence of one (AMY1) of the approximately 25,000 genes from Arabidopsis thaliana the Thale Cress plant. This gene encodes an alpha amylase enzyme.
A typical eukaryotic gene is transcribed into an RNA that is then processed into a mature mRNA by removal of introns and 5' and 3' processing.

The mRNA is comprised of a 5' UTR (red) CDS (uppercase yellow) and 3' UTR (red again). All three of these regions are exonic (not just the CDS). Introns are shown in purple (lowercase). For convienience neither the 5' Cap nor 3' tail are shown in the cDNA (fig 1) although the mRNA will have them. The gene sequence is also shown in a form where the codons can be read (ATG...), rather than as the template DNA strand which is actually copied into mRNA.

Gene expression is the process by which the inheritable information in a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as protein or RNA.

Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription step and the post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in the organism.

Non-protein coding genes (e.g. rRNA genes, tRNA genes) are not translated into protein.
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