The harsh desert environment is known for its scorching temperatures and scarcity of water, making it a challenging place for most creatures to thrive. However, amidst this seemingly inhospitable landscape, the kangaroo rat stands out as a remarkable example of nature's ingenious adaptations. These small rodents have not only managed to survive but thrive in the desert with virtually no drinking water. The secret to their survival lies in their unique physiological features, particularly their kidneys' specialized structure.

Generally, the majority of water reabsorption in the kidneys occurs in the loop of Henle (see illustration). This structure is responsible for the reabsorption of water and essential ions from the urine back into the bl ...

Pupula duplex - commonly called double pupil - is a rare medical condition, in which one's eye or eyes has two pupils.

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With up to one million hairs per square inch of its body, the sea otter has the densest fur in the animal kingdom. (To put this in perspective, you’ve probably only got 100,000 hairs or less on your whole head!) Together with a huge lung capacity, this makes these water-loving creatures extremely buoyant. The pups are born so buoyant, they're incapable of diving underwater, and are often left bobbing on the surface in a sea kelp bed while their mothers hunt for food nearby.

Men’s noses are 10% larger than female's.

Males generally have leaner muscles and need more oxygen for muscle growth and maintenance—and larger noses mean more oxygen can be breathed. A new study found that the difference in nose size between males and females of European descent starts showing in early puberty, when 95% of body weight gain in males comes from fat-free mass, compared to 85% in females.

A viscous fluid made out of citrate and water is what gives our bones flexibility. The gooey fluid is trapped between the tiny crystals of calcium phosphate that form our bones, absorbing shocks and allowing movement. Without this fluid the crystals fuse together and become less flexible and brittle.

Crabeater seal teeth are probably the strangest in the entire animal kingdom. The odd shapes work as a sieve, filtering out microscopic organisms (the seals' main food source) from sea water.

This is what all the white matter in your brain looks like. This complex 3D-printed model accurately reflects the 2,000 strands of nerve cells that branch through every human being's brain.