What role does angiotensin II play in restoring blood pressure to normal?
A) Angiotensin II promotes tubular reabsorption of sodium from the filtrate.
B) Angiotensin II promotes tubular reabsorption of both sodium and water from the filtrate.
C) Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to vasoconstrict.
D) Angiotensin II promotes tubular reabsorption of water from the filtrate.
E) Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to vasodilate.
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Question 2) What stimulates the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus?
A) high blood pressure
B) high blood sodium levels
C) low blood pressure
D) low blood potassium levels
E) high blood volume
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Question 3) Which of the following is NOT directly or indirectly regulated by aldosterone?
A) sodium
B) chlorine
C) magnesium
D) potassium
E) glucose
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Question 4) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents excessive water loss by promoting water reabsorption in the ________.
A) glomerulus
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) collecting duct
E) urinary bladder
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Question 5) The main hormone that acts on the kidneys to regulate sodium ion concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is ________.
A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) renin
C) secretin
D) aldosterone
E) epinephrine
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Question 6) Extracellular fluid (ECF) is found everywhere in the body EXCEPT ________.
A) within living cells
B) blood plasma
C) interstitial fluid
D) cerebrospinal fluid
E) humors of the eye and lymph
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Question 7) Which of the following is the major stimulus for the thirst mechanism?
A) hunger
B) decreased urination
C) increased solute content of blood plasma
D) defecation
E) increased saliva production
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Question 8) What is the most common route for water loss?
A) insensible water loss through the skin
B) insensible water loss through the lungs
C) feces
D) urine
E) sweat
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Question 9) Who has the highest percentage of water in the body?
A) adult male
B) adult female
C) infant
D) elderly female
E) elderly male
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Question 10) On average, what percentage of the adult female's body is made of water?
A) 15
B) 30
C) 50
D) 65
E) 80
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