A) Plant defenses against herbivores
B) the length of food chains
C) the evolution of mutualism
D) resource partitioning
E)the competitive exclusion principle
All of the following statements about the biogeographical aspects of diversity are correct except:
A) the patterns of continental drift are important considerations in the study of the past and present distributions of species
B) the magnitude of photosynthesis is the factor that accounts for the major variations in species diversity over Earth's large areas
C) Species richness on an island reaches an equiliibrium point when immigration equals extinction
D) a species may be limited to a particular range because it never dispersed beyond that range, or it dispersed but failed to survive in other locations
E) island biogeographical theory applies ot the relatively short period of time when colonization is the important process determining species composition; over a longer time, actual speciation affects the composition.
What is it called when established species in a community make their environment more favorable for competitors that for later species?
A) coevolution
B) competitive exclusion
C) facilitation
D) inhibition
E) competitive replacement
In a particular case of secondary succession, three species of wild grass all invaded a field the first growing season after a framer abandoned the field. By the second season, a single one of the wild grasses dominated the field. A possible factor in this succession was
A) equilibrium
B) facilitiation
C) immigration
D) inhibition
E) mutualism
All of the following are likely results of land-clearing operations such as deforestation and agricultural activity except
A) destruction of plant and animal habitats
B) erosion of soil due to increased water runoff
C) leaching of minerals from the soil
D) rapid eutrophication of streams and lakes
E) decreased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
When levels of CO2 are experimentally increased, C3 plants generally respond with a greater increase in productivity than C4 plants. This is because
A) C3 plants are more efficient in their use of CO2
B) C3 plants are able to obtain the same amount of CO2 by keeping their stomata open for shorter periods of time
C) C4 plants don't use CO2 as their source of carbon
D) the rate of photosynthesis is limited more by CO2 in C3 plants than in C4 plants
E) both B and D are correct
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